00m050808o090c0cz0f0hz0l40p0v0vy0z6111417c181c1lj1mm1o1r1r11rw1s1u01zp2224o2ii2k82me2n2o2qc2qk2sv2t2xx2zs30h3133343393a43f03kc3qi3rw3tw4041x43474b54d34f64h44hd4jr4kn4le4t24vp4z51525356a5ao5f5h75l5n05p5p85s5tp5u5ve5w616263w6568i69o6d6ds6es6f6i6kj6l6m6mt6pd6qr6s6t66x470y767a7c7em7js7l47re7t7ut7wu7z808182y86l8e8ji8l8mk8o08ro8w88wa8x94952969cx9de9f29h19j9m9n19o9p9p59rqa5a7ba91aaacacnadadjaeafahaiajalalyamaoapaqaszatauavawaxayazaz7b0b1b1lb1ob2b3b4b6cb8b8ybabbbcbdbembfbhbibiabjbkblbm9bnbn7bobpbphbqbrbsbtbubu2bvbxbybzbzrc2c4ac6c9fcakcbcdcecfcgchciciacjckclcmcncpcqcrcsctcvcwcxczd1ud4xd5zd6d76d8d9dadbdcdddeodfdgdhdidkdldlndmdndpdqdrdsdtdtydvdwdxdx0dze0e0we2ue3e9eaebec1edzeeef6egeiejekelemeneoepep2eqereseteuevexeyezf08f0rf58fafbfcfcifdfefgfhfjfk9flfmfofpfqfrmftftmfufvfwfwwfxfxifyfzfzig66g8ugagbgcgdgegfggggxgigiggkgknglgmgngogpgqgqbgqrgsgtgtygugvgwgxgx8gyh0h2h3rh5h7hahbhchdhe0hekhghihjhkhlhmhnhohphpkhqhq9hrhr9hshthuhvhvyhwhxhyhzi6i6oi7ii8i8hiaibicidieifigmihii5ikililriminioipiritiuiviwixizj0xj4zj5aj7fj9sjajcjdjejfjgjhjkjljmjnjojpjqjsjtju7jvjwjxjyjzk0k2k5kakbkb3kckdkddkekfkgkjkjykkklxkmknkokpkqkqikrxkskvkwkykzl21l2tl3rl4lalcldlelflglg5lhliljlklllmlnlrlslulvlwlxly4lzm0m2m57m66m75mamcmdmemfmgmhmjmkmmmnmompmqmrmsmsxmt1mtzmumvmvhmwmymzn0n2gn3n4n5dn97nancndnenfngnhnhxninjrnknkanlnnnonpnqntnunvnwnwwnxnx3nxynzo2o3o9oaobocodofogohoioiyojokolonooopoqorosotovzowoxoyp0op16p3vp5qp9pbpcpdpepfpgpg6pgsphpipjplpnpnjpopodpolpqpsps4ptptppupvpwpypzpz9q1q3q5nq8qaqbqcqccqctqdqeqgqhqiqi6qjqk5qkiqlqmqnrqoqpqrqsqtquqvqwqyqywqzr3r6grarbrcrc2rdrfrgirirjrkrmrmhrnrncrorprqrq9rsrurvrwwrzs0s99sasbscsdsgsisiqsjskslsmspsqsrsrussstst0suswsysyxt19t1etatbtb6tctdtdatetfztitjtktltntotptpbtqwtrtstsbtsttttutvtxtytzu2ru35u4u6u7u7tuaubucudufugugwuhuhfukulumunuoupduquqbusutluuuucuvuwuyuzuzzv0v1v4v4gv5v8vavbvcsvdvevfvgvhvjvkvlvnvn2vovrvsevspvtvvvvxvwvxvyw0cw3xw6w7ew8zw9xwawbwcwc1wcbwdwewfwf8wgwhwiwjtwkwlwmwnwntwowpwswtwtmwuwvwwww0wxwywyhwyjwzx1x8zxaxbxcnxdxexfxgxhxhmxixkxlxmxnxnnxoxo0xpxqxsxuxvxwxxxx7xyxyjxzy0y16y2y6zy8yaybybvycyeyfyhyhnyiyyjykyknylymynypyqyrytyuyvyxyyyz1z4z5z52zazbzbpzdzeze9zfzhfzizjzjkzkzlzmznzozpzqzrmzsztzuzwzwozxzydzypzz00m050808o090c0cz0f0hz0l40p0v0vy0z6111417c181c1lj1mm1o1r1r11rw1s1u01zp2224o2ii2k82me2n2o2qc2qk2sv2t2xx2zs30h3133343393a43f03kc3qi3rw3tw4041x43474b54d34f64h44hd4jr4kn4le4t24vp4z51525356a5ao5f5h75l5n05p5p85s5tp5u5ve5w616263w6568i69o6d6ds6es6f6i6kj6l6m6mt6pd6qr6s6t66x470y767a7c7em7js7l47re7t7ut7wu7z808182y86l8e8ji8l8mk8o08ro8w88wa8x94952969cx9de9f29h19j9m9n19o9p9p59rqa5a7ba91aaacacnadadjaeafahaiajalalyamaoapaqaszatauavawaxayazaz7b0b1b1lb1ob2b3b4b6cb8b8ybabbbcbdbembfbhbibiabjbkblbm9bnbn7bobpbphbqbrbsbtbubu2bvbxbybzbzrc2c4ac6c9fcakcbcdcecfcgchciciacjckclcmcncpcqcrcsctcvcwcxczd1ud4xd5zd6d76d8d9dadbdcdddeodfdgdhdidkdldlndmdndpdqdrdsdtdtydvdwdxdx0dze0e0we2ue3e9eaebec1edzeeef6egeiejekelemeneoepep2eqereseteuevexeyezf08f0rf58fafbfcfcifdfefgfhfjfk9flfmfofpfqfrmftftmfufvfwfwwfxfxifyfzfzig66g8ugagbgcgdgegfggggxgigiggkgknglgmgngogpgqgqbgqrgsgtgtygugvgwgxgx8gyh0h2h3rh5h7hahbhchdhe0hekhghihjhkhlhmhnhohphpkhqhq9hrhr9hshthuhvhvyhwhxhyhzi6i6oi7ii8i8hiaibicidieifigmihii5ikililriminioipiritiuiviwixizj0xj4zj5aj7fj9sjajcjdjejfjgjhjkjljmjnjojpjqjsjtju7jvjwjxjyjzk0k2k5kakbkb3kckdkddkekfkgkjkjykkklxkmknkokpkqkqikrxkskvkwkykzl21l2tl3rl4lalcldlelflglg5lhliljlklllmlnlrlslulvlwlxly4lzm0m2m57m66m75mamcmdmemfmgmhmjmkmmmnmompmqmrmsmsxmt1mtzmumvmvhmwmymzn0n2gn3n4n5dn97nancndnenfngnhnhxninjrnknkanlnnnonpnqntnunvnwnwwnxnx3nxynzo2o3o9oaobocodofogohoioiyojokolonooopoqorosotovzowoxoyp0op16p3vp5qp9pbpcpdpepfpgpg6pgsphpipjplpnpnjpopodpolpqpsps4ptptppupvpwpypzpz9q1q3q5nq8qaqbqcqccqctqdqeqgqhqiqi6qjqk5qkiqlqmqnrqoqpqrqsqtquqvqwqyqywqzr3r6grarbrcrc2rdrfrgirirjrkrmrmhrnrncrorprqrq9rsrurvrwwrzs0s99sasbscsdsgsisiqsjskslsmspsqsrsrussstst0suswsysyxt19t1etatbtb6tctdtdatetfztitjtktltntotptpbtqwtrtstsbtsttttutvtxtytzu2ru35u4u6u7u7tuaubucudufugugwuhuhfukulumunuoupduquqbusutluuuucuvuwuyuzuzzv0v1v4v4gv5v8vavbvcsvdvevfvgvhvjvkvlvnvn2vovrvsevspvtvvvvxvwvxvyw0cw3xw6w7ew8zw9xwawbwcwc1wcbwdwewfwf8wgwhwiwjtwkwlwmwnwntwowpwswtwtmwuwvwwww0wxwywyhwyjwzx1x8zxaxbxcnxdxexfxgxhxhmxixkxlxmxnxnnxoxo0xpxqxsxuxvxwxxxx7xyxyjxzy0y16y2y6zy8yaybybvycyeyfyhyhnyiyyjykyknylymynypyqyrytyuyvyxyyyz1z4z5z52zazbzbpzdzeze9zfzhfzizjzjkzkzlzmznzozpzqzrmzsztzuzwzwozxzydzypzz
 首页  |  研究头条  |  经济形势  |  技术研究  |  发展规划  |  合作交流  |  工作研究 

大力发展新技术推动科技创新会加重就业压力甚
2024-07-15 17:34
  上世纪末工商界和学术界曾一度盛行所谓的制作业“浅笑曲线”理论,这一理论以为制作环节附加值低,产品规划与流转环节附加值高。到本世纪初,又有人以为在制作环节拥有垄断性优势或其他竞争优势的企业,其制作环节的附加值最高,并提出“倒浅笑曲线”。      “浅笑曲线”理论的构成,源于世界分工模式由产品分工向要素分工的转变。参加世界分工合作的世界各国企业,由生产终究产品转变为依据各自的要素禀赋,只完成终究产品构成过程中某个环节的作业。      一般来说,跨国公司主导的全球产业链分为产品研制、制作加工和流转三个环节。在制作加工环节,企业虽然投入较高,但被代替性强,常常被压低价格,使得制作业企业得到较低收益。      而跨国公司作为研制和出售的垄断者和危险承当者,享有较高收益。“浅笑嘴型”是一条U形曲线,处于曲线两端的规划和出售环节朝上,附加值高,制作环节处于曲线中心底部,附加值最低。这就是传统生产力背景下的“浅笑曲线”理论。      所谓“浅笑曲线”工作圈套,就是在当时新质生产力发展的背景下,企业仍按“浅笑曲线”理论进行产业链的全球布局,将生产基地转移到所谓低成本国家,不仅企业利益受损,并且会形成国内制作业工作岗位削减。      “浅笑曲线”工作圈套往往与“工作与薪酬极化”现象纠缠在一起,即随着技能进步和产业升级,高端技能人才的岗位需求和薪酬添加较快;制作业中的自动化和机器人等技能的通用化使得中低端技能人员的岗位需求和薪酬添加慢,甚至呈下降趋势。      触及协助或照料别人的服务性岗位需求和薪酬添加快。这样就使整个社会的工作和薪酬添加出现中心慢、两端快的“U”型趋势。有人忧虑,大力发展新技能、推动科技创新和应用,会加重工作压力甚至添加赋闲。其实,这是一种认识误区,也是不必要的忧虑。
关闭窗口